What is information gain?
What a page adds that the sources already being cited do not.
An engine has no reason to cite a page that repeats what it already has. Information gain is the new part: first-party data, a measured result, a primary source or a position nobody else has taken.
It is the difference between content that adds to the pile an engine averages over and content an engine has a reason to quote.
See it at work
Other terms: Sameness · Third-party citation